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ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of serum perfluoroalkyl substances （PFASs） exposure and potential influencing factors among community residents in Songjiang District， Shanghai. MethodsIn August 2021， residents who underwent routine health checkups in a community in Songjiang District， Shanghai were recruited as study subjects. The inclusion criteria were adult residents who had lived in the area for more than 3 years， had no occupational exposure history， no underlying diseases， were not pregnant， and were able to complete the questionnaire independently and sign the informed consent form. A questionnaire survey was conducted and venous blood samples were collected. The concentrations of 15 PFASs in serum were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）. Ordered multi-class logistic regression， interquartile range （IQR）， and odds ratio （OR） were used to explore the influencing factors and risk magnitude of serum PFASs concentrations. ResultsOf the 15 PFASs， 14 were detected， and the detection rates of 7 PFASs were higher than 50%. The highest detected concentrations among the PFASs were PFOS （perfluorooctane sulfonate）， PFOA （perfluorooctanoic acid）， and PFHxS （perfluorohexane sulfonate）， with median concentrations of 48.61 μg∙L-1， 37.29 μg∙L-1， and 36.51 μg∙L-1， respectively. The strongest correlation was between PFDA and PFUnDA （r=0.93， P<0.05）， followed by PFOS and PFDA （r=0.86， P<0.05）. Age， frequency of plastic product use， time spent indoors per day， personal annual income， tea consumption， and daily water intake were potential factors for exposure to PFASs. Among them， age was positively correlated with PFASs； tea consumption was positively correlated with PFNA and PFOA； PFHpA was negatively correlated with the frequency of plastic product use and personal annual income； and PFOS was negatively correlated with the time spent indoors per day. ConclusionThe exposure to serum PFASs among community residents in Songjiang District was relatively serious， and the main components were traditional PFOA， PFOS， and PFHx. Different sociodemographic characteristics had varying degrees of influence on the concentrations of PFASs in serum. The impact of PFASs exposure on the health of community residents deserves further investigation.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in penehyclidine hydrochloride-induced reduction of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.Methods:Forty SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 18-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), ALI group, penehyclidine hydrochloride group (PHC group), and α7nAChR inhibitor MLA group (MLA group). ALI was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide 15 mg/kg in anesthetized animals, while normal saline was given instead in group C. In PHC group, penehyclidine hydrochloride 2 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before developing the model. MLA 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 10 min before administration of penehyclidine hydrochloride in MLA group. Mice were sacrificed at 6 h after lipopolysaccharide administration, and lung tissues were collected for microscopic examination of the pathological changes (by HE staining) and for determination of the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), content of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-10 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and expression of α7nAChR (by Western blot). Results:Compared with C group, the W/D ratio and contents of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly increased, the content of IL-10 was decreased, and the expression of α7nAChR was up-regulated in ALI, PHC and MLA groups ( P<0.05). Compared with ALI group, the W/D ratio and contents of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly decreased, the content of IL-10 was increased, and the expression of α7nAChR was up-regulated in PHC group ( P<0.05). Compared with PHC group, the W/D ratio and contents of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly increased, the content of IL-10 was decreased, and the expression of α7nAChR was down-regulated in MLA group ( P<0.05). Compared with ALI group, the pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly mitigated in PHC group, while this effect of PHC was partially reversed by α7nAChR inhibitor MLA. Conclusions:α7nAChR is involved in penehyclidine hydrochloride-induced reduction of endotoxin-induced ALI in mice.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of the sodium leak channel (NALCN) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in the social behavior of mice.Methods:Thirty-nine male wild-type C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 18-22 g, were used in this study. Three mice were sacrificed to verify the expression and co-expression of NALCN with neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) in the hippocampal DG using the immunofluorescent staining. The remaining 36 mice were divided into 2 groups ( n=18 each) by the random number table method: control group (group C) and NALCN gene knockdown group (group KO). NALCN-shRNA virus was injected in group KO, and scrambled-shRNA virus was injected in group C. The three box social test and open field test were performed at 3 weeks after the virus injection. Mice were sacrificed under anesthesia after the behavioral test, hippocampal tissues were collected, and the injection location of the virus was verified with a fluorescence microscope, and the NALCN protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampal DG was detected by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results:NALCN and NeuN co-expressed a lot on the same neuron in the hippocampal DG of mice, indicating that NALCN was widely expressed on the neurons in the hippocampal DG. Compared with group C, the expression of NALCN and mRNA in the hippocampal DG was significantly down-regulated, and the social novelty preference disappeared ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the social ability and each parameter in the open field test in group KO ( P>0.05). Conclusions:NALCN in the hippocampal DG is involved in the regulation of social memory in mice, and the down-regulated expression of NALCN can lead to the loss of social novelty preference in mice.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of sacubitril and valsartan combined with bisoprolol in the treatment of chronic heart failure and its effect on N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) level.Methods:The clinical data of 89 patients with chronic heart failure who received treatment in Jinan 2 nd People's Hospital from January 2020 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into Group A ( n = 48) and Group B ( n = 41) according to different treatment methods. Group A was treated with sacubitril and valsartan combined with bisoprolol. Group B was treated with sacubitril and valsartan combined with metoprolol. All patients were treated for 3 months. Clinical efficacy as well as heart function and NT-pro BNP level pre- and post-treatment were compared between the two groups. The incidence of adverse reactions was calculated in each group. Results:Total response rate in group A was significantly higher than that in group B [95.83% (46/48) vs. 82.93% (34/41), χ2 = 4.05, P < 0.05]. After treatment, the left ventricular ejection fraction in both groups increased significantly and the left ventricular ejection fraction in group A was significantly higher than that in group B ( t = 2.19, P < 0.05). After treatment, NT-pro BNP level in group A was (416.51 ± 30.56) ng/L, which was significantly lower than (450.20 ± 35.79) ng/L in group B ( t = 4.79, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:The efficacy of sacubitril and valsartan combined with bisoprolol in the treatment of chronic heart failure is superior to that of sacubitril and valsartan combined with metoprolol. The former can greatly decrease NT-pro BNP level. Corresponding drugs can be selected for the treatment of chronic heart failure according to the actual needs of patients.
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The clinical data of a case with late-onset isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency(ISOD)admitted in the Department of Neurology, Children′s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Fifteen previously published cases of late-onset ISOD were also reviewed.The patient was a girl, who was hospitalized because of " motor regression with mental retardation for 5 days" at 1 year old.The manifestations of the patient were extrapyramidal symptoms, regression of motor development and seizures.The level of urinary sulfites in the patient was increased.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features were bilateral pallidus and substantia nigra.Gene sequencing suggested a pure missense mutation of the sulfite oxidase( SUOX) gene c. 650(exon5)G>A(p.Arg217Gln). In 16 cases of late-onset ISOD, the median age at onset and diagnosis was 10.5 months and 34.0 months, respectively.The common clinical manifestations were hypotonia (13 cases), seizures (10 cases), movement disorders (9 cases), and ectopia lentis (6 cases). The most common brain MRI feature was pallidus changes (11 cases), followed by lesions of substantia nigra (5 cases), and cerebral atrophy (4 cases). Fourteen cases of late-onset ISOD showed a positive urinary sulfite test.The missense mutation of the SUOX gene was found in 9 cases.It suggested that brain MRI involvement of bilateral pallidus, high excretion of urine sulfites and the missense mutation of the SUOX gene were important diagnostic clues for late-onset ISOD.
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Objective:To detect serum immunoglobulin and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels in patients with viral hepatitis B and investigate the clinical significance of combined detection of serum immunoglobulin and IL-18 levels.Methods:A total of 102 patients with viral hepatitis B who received treatment in Jinan 2 nd People's Hospital from September 2019 to September 2020 were included in the observation group. An additional 99 patients who concurrently underwent physical examination were included in the control group. Serum immunoglobulin and IL-18 levels were detected in each group and they were compared between the two groups. Changes in serum immunoglobulin and IL-18 levels detected after treatment relative to before treatment were analyzed in the observation group. Results:Serum levels of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and IL-18 in the observation group were (2.68 ± 0.74) g/L, (15.24 ± 4.17) g/L, (2.59 ± 1.03) g/L, (2.53 ± 0.21) ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(1.76 ± 0.63) g/L, (11.58 ± 3.46) g/L, (1.38 ± 0.49) g/L, (1.68 ± 0.34) g/L, respectively, t = 9.45, 6.74, 10.54, 21.36, all P < 0.01). In the observation group, serum levels of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and IL-18 were (2.03 ± 0.51) g/L, (13.12 ± 3.25) g/L, (1.93 ± 0.47) g/L, (1.74 ± 0.15) μg/L after treatment, which were significantly lower than those before the treatment [(2.68 ± 0.74) g/L, (15.24 ± 4.17) g/L, (2.59 ± 1.03) g/L, (2.53 ± 0.21) μg/L , t = 7.26, 4.02, 10.54, 5.87, all P < 0.01). Conclusion:Serum immunoglobulin and IL-18 levels in combination can reflect the condition of viral hepatitis B patients and provide scientific reference for clinical treatment. The research results are scientific and innovative and are worthy of promotion.
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Liposomes with precisely controlled composition are usually used as membrane model systems to investigate the fundamental interactions of membrane components under well-defined conditions. Hydration method is the most common method for liposome formation which is found to be influenced by composition of the medium. In this paper, the effects of small alcohol (ethanol) on the hydration of lipid molecules and the formation of liposomes were investigated, as well as its coexistence with sodium chloride. It was found that ethanol showed the opposite effect to that of sodium chloride on the hydration of lipid molecules and the formation of liposomes. The presence of ethanol promoted the formation of liposomes within a certain range of ethanol content, but that of sodium chloride suppressed the liposome formation. By investigating the fluorescence intensity and continuity of the swelled membranes as a function of contents of ethanol and sodium chloride, it was found that sodium chloride and ethanol showed the additive effect on the hydration of lipid molecules when they coexisted in the medium. The results may provide some reference for the efficient preparation of liposomes.
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Ethanol/pharmacology , Lipids , LiposomesABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the relationship between Na + leak current channel (NALCN) in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region and cognitive function in mice. Methods:Thirty-nine male wild type C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 18-22 g, were studied.Three mice were sacrificed to verify the expression of NALCN co-localized with neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) in the hippocampal DG region through immunofluorescence technique.The remaining 36 mice were divided into 2 groups ( n=18 each) by the random number table method: control group (group C) and NALCN gene knockout group (group KO). NALCN-shRNA virus was injected in hippocampal DG region in group KO, and scrambled-shRNA virus was injected in group C. Three weeks after virus injection, behavioral tests (Y maze test and open field test) were performed, then the animals were sacrificed, and the hippocampal tissues were removed for determination of the expression of NALCN protein and mRNA using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results:NALCN and NeuN colocalized a lot on the same neuron in the hippocampal DG region of mice, and NALCN was widely expressed in the hippocampal DG region.Compared with group C, the expression of NALCN protein and mRNA was significantly down-regulated, the times of entering the new arm were reduced, the duration of staying at the new arm was shortened ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in the open field test in group KO ( P>0.05). Conclusions:NALCN in the hippocampal DG region is involved in the regulation of cognitive function in mice, and the down-regulation of NALCN may lead to cognitive decline.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of visual laryngoscope for tracheal intubation for resuscitation in the premature infants born within 32 weeks of gestation.Methods:A total of 84 premature infants who were born < 32 weeks of gestation in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and required tracheal intubation after birth from January 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled and divided into direct laryngoscope group and visual laryngoscope group according to the random number table method, with 42 cases in each group.The glottis exposure, intubation time, successful tracheal intubation at first attempt and complications related to intubation were recorded in the two groups.Results:Compared with direct laryngoscope group, the time of glottis exposure and tracheal intubation was significantly shortened, and the success rate of endotracheal intubation at first attempt was increased in visual laryngoscope group ( P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the glottis exposure during laryngoscope-assisted intubation and incidence of complications related to tracheal intubation between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Visual laryngoscope provides better efficacy than direct laryngoscope when used for tracheal intubation for resuscitation in the premature infants born within 32 weeks of gestation.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the mechanism by penehyclidine hydrochloride alleviating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI)in rats.Methods:Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 10 weeks, weighing 220-250 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) according to the random number table method: normal saline group (NS group), endotoxin-induced ALI group (ALI group), penehyclidine hydrochloride + normal saline group (PHC+ NS group) and penehyclidine hydrochloride + endotoxin-induced ALI group (PHC+ ALI group). ALI was induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS 5 mg/kg in anesthetized animals. In group PHC+ ALI, penehyclidine hydrochloride 2 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected immediately after intratracheal instillation of LPS. The equal volume of normal saline was injected into the airway in group NS, and penehyclidine hydrochloride 2 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected immediately after intratracheal instillation of normal saline in group PHC+ NS. The rats were sacrificed at 6 h after intratracheal instillation of LPS or normal saline, and lungs were removed. The lung was lavaged and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lung tissues were obtained for microscopic examination of the pathological changes (with a light microscope) and for determination of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) and TLR4 protein and mRNA expression (by immuno-histochemistry or real-time polymerase chain reaction). Results:Compared with group NS and group PHC+ NS, the W/D ratio and concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in BALF were significantly increased, the expression of TLR4 protein and mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated ( P<0.01), and the pathological changes of lung tissues were aggravated in group ALI . Compared with group ALI, the W/D ratio and concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in BALF were significantly decreased, the expression of TLR4 protein and mRNA in lung tissues was down-regulated ( P<0.01), and the pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly mitigated in group PHC+ ALI. Conclusions:The mechanism by which penehyclidine hydrochloride reduces endotoxin-induced lung injury may be related to reduction of TLR4 activity and thus inhibition of pulmonary inflammatory responses in rats.
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Objective:To compare the effects of different lung recruitment maneuvers in infants undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods:A total of 70 pediatric patients of either sex, aged 1-6 yr, weighing 10-24 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgery from September 2020 to June 2021 with expected operation time≤2 h, were divided into 2 groups ( n=35 each) by a random number table method: recruitment maneuver using incremental positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) group (PV group) and recruitment maneuver using controlled lung expansion group (RM group). The children underwent pressure-controlled ventilation after tracheal intubation, and lung recruitment was performed at 20 min after pneumoperitoneum, immediately after pneumoperitoneum, and at the end of operation and before tracheal extubation.In PV group, PEEP was gradually increased, the upper limit of airway pressure was 35 mmHg, PEEP was increased by 5 cmH 2O, ventilation was performed for 30 s, then PEEP was increased to 15 cmH 2O, ventilation was continued for 30 s, then the parameters were adjusted to the original ones, and ventilation was continued until the next lung recruitment.In RM group, manual ventilation mode was used, the pressure valve was adjusted to 30 cmH 2O, the pressure was increased to the maximum by rapid oxygenation, the breathing cuff was manually squeezed until the airway pressure achieved 30-35 mmHg, and 30 s later ventilation was performed with the original ventilation parameters, lasting for 30 s until the next lung recruitment.Peak airway pressure and mean airway pressure were recorded at 5 min after tracheal intubation (T 1), 20 min after pneumoperitoneum (T 2), immediately after pneumoperitoneum (T 3) and before extubation after surgery (T 4), and dynamic lung compliance was calculated.Blood gas analysis was performed at T 2 and T 4, and arterial partial pressure of oxygen and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide were recorded, oxygenation index, alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference and respiratory index were calculated.Lung ultrasonography scores were assessed before tracheal extubation (T 0) and at T 4 and 20 min after entering the postanesthesia care unit (T 5). The time of tracheal extubation and length of postoperative hospital stay were recorded.Hypoxemia in postanesthesia care unit and occurrence of pulmonary complications within 3 days after operation were recorded. Results:Compared with RM group, peak airway pressure and mean airway pressure were significantly decreased at T 2, 3, dynamic lung compliance was increased at T 2-4, arterial partial pressure of oxygen and oxygenation index were decreased , arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference and respiratory index were increased at T 2 and T 4, lung ultrasonography scores were decreased at T 4 and T 5, and the incidence of postoperative hypoxemia was increased, and tracheal extubation time was prolonged in RM group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Lung recruitment maneuver using incremental PEEP provides better efficacy than that using controlled lung expansion in infants undergoing laparoscopic surgery.
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Objective:To systematically compare the efficacy of different drugs in alleviating remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia.Methods:Databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data and CBM were searched using computers from inception to May 2020.The randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of different intervention measures for alleviating remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia were searched.After independently identifying the literature, the two reviewers conducted data extraction and evaluated the bias of the included studies, and Stata 14.0, ADDIS 1.16.5 and R4.0.2 softwares were used to analyze the data.Results:Thirty randomized controlled trials were included in our study.Compared with placebo, 3 out of 6 drugs could alleviate remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia, and the probability order for the effect was as follows: butorphanol with MD value (95% CI)-1.50 (-2.80, -0.24), dexmedetomidine with MD value (95% CI)-1.20 (-2.40, -0.09) and ketamine with MD value (95% CI) -0.88 (-1.60, -0.16). After sensitivity analysis, the efficacy of butorphanol remained to be verified.Two drugs could decrease the dosage of opioids within 24 h after operation, and the probability order for the effect was as follows: dexmedetomidine with MD value (95% CI) -14.00 (-28.00, -0.19) and ketamine with MD value (95% CI) -9.20 (-18.00, -0.08). One drug could decrease the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting within 24 h after operation: dexmedetomidine with RR value (95%CI) 0.28 (0.16, 0.22). Conclusion:The results of network meta-analyses show that dexmedetomidine has the best efficacy in alleviating remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided sacral canal block for anesthesia in neonatal anoplasty.Methods:Sixty neonats with anal atresia, of American Society of Anesthesiology physical status ⅠorⅡ, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) by a random number table method: traditional positioning method for sacral canal block group (group T) and ultrasound-guided sacral canal block group (group U). After successful puncture, 0.2% ropivacaine 1 ml/kg was injected in both groups.The success of puncture at first attempt, puncture time, successful sacral canal block and occurrence of adverse reactions were recorded. Results:Compared with group T, the success rate of puncture at first attempt was significantly increased, the puncture time was shortened ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the success rate of sacral canal block in group U ( P>0.05). Neonatal sacrococcygeal contents and the termination of the neonatal dural sac were observed under ultrasound in group U. Blood return in the puncture needle was observed in one case in group T, and no adverse reactions were found in group U. Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided sacral canal block provides better efficacy than the traditional sacral canal block when used for anesthesia in neonatal anoplasty.
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Objective:To evaluate the optimized efficacy of sevoflurane inhalation combined with caudal ropivacaine for abdominal surgery in low birth weight neonates.Methods:Eighty low birth weight neonates of either sex, with gestational age<37 weeks, weighing 1.5-2.5 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅡorⅢ, scheduled for elective laparotomy, were divided into 2 groups ( n=40 each) using a random number table method: sevoflurane combined with caudal block with ropivacaine group (SCB group) and sevoflurane plus remifentanil group (SR group). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane inhalation in the two groups.Caudal anesthesia was performed with 0.2% ropivacaine 1 ml/kg in the left lateral position after successful intubation in group SCB.Cis-atracurium 0.1 mg/kg was given, and remifentanil was infused at 0.5 μg·kg -1·min -1 in group SR.Inhaling sevoflurane was stopped at the end of operation in the two groups, and rescue analgesia was performed when the FLACC score was greater than 3 within 6 h after operation.The operation time, emergence time, extubation time, and duration of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay were recorded.The occurrence of adverse reactions during the emergence period and PACU stay and requirement for rescue analgesia within 6 h after surgery were recorded.The complications of caudal block were recorded in group SCB. Results:There was no significant difference in the operation time between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with group SR, the emergence time, extubation time, and duration of PACU stay were significantly shortened, and the incidence of adverse reactions during the emergence period and PACU stay and requirement for rescue analgesia within 6 h after surgery were decreased in group SCB ( P<0.05). The caudal block-related complications were not found in group SCB. Conclusion:Sevoflurane combined with caudal ropivacaine can be used as an optimized strategy helpful for the quality of anesthesia recovery in low birth weight newborns undergoing abdominal surgery.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in sepsis-induced lung injury and the relationship with transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) expression in rats.Methods:Forty-eight clean-grade Wistar rats, half male and half female, weighing 250-300 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=12 each) by a random number table method: sham operation group (SH group), sepsis group (S group), miR-21 inhibitor group (group MI), and miR-21 inhibitor plus TRPM2 blocker Gd3 + group.Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in anesthetized rats.In MI group and MIG group, miR-21 inhibitor and miR-21 inhibitor plus TRPM2 blocker Gd3 + were injected through the tail vein, respectively, at 12 h before CLP.Carotid artery blood samples were collected at 24 h after CLP for blood gas analysis, PaO 2 was recorded, and oxygenation index was calculated.Animals were sacrificed, and lung tissues were removed for microscopic examination of the pathological changes which were scored and for determination of wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), expression of miR-21 and TRPM2 mRNA (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (by spectrophotometer colorimetry) and levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results:Compared with group SH, the oxygenation index and SOD activity were significantly decreased, and W/D ratio, lung injury score, MDA content, serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α concentrations were increased in the other three groups, and the expression of miR-21 mRNA was up-regulated, and the expression of TRPM2 mRNA was down-regulated in group S ( P<0.05). Compared with group S, the oxygenation index, SOD activity and serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α concentrations were significantly increased, and W/D ratio, lung injury score and MDA content were decreased in group MI, and the expression of miR-21 mRNA was down-regulated, and the expression of TRPM2 mRNA was up-regulated in MI and MIG groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group MI, the oxygenation index and SOD activity were significantly decreased, W/D ratio, lung injury score, MDA content, serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α concentrations were increased, and the expression of TRPM2 mRNA was down-regulated in group MIG ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Up-regulated expression of miR-21 and down-regulated expression of TRPM2 are involved in the process of sepsis-induced lung injury in rats.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in preventing postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection for cervical cancer. Methods Eighty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱor Ⅲ patients, aged 65-75 yr, weighing 45-80 kg, scheduled for elective laparoscopic radical resection for cervical cancer, were divided into 2 groups (n= 40 each) using a random number table: dexmedetomidine group (group D) and routine group (group R). Dexmedetomidine was infused at a rate of 0. 5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 after anesthesia induction until the end of operation in group D, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group R. Delirium rating scale was used to assess the development of delirium within 3 days after operation. Blood samples were collected from the jugular bulb before anesthesia induction (T0 ), at the end of operation (T1 ) and at 1, 6 and 24 h after operation (T2-4 ) to determine the serum concentrations of S100β protein, neuron-spe-cific enolase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with group R, the incidence of postoperative delirium was significantly de-creased (38％∕2％), the serum concentrations of S100β protein, neuron-specific enolase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1β were decreased at T1-4 , and the serum concentrations of IL-1β protein were de-creased at T2-4 in group D (P<0. 05). Conclusion Infusing dexmedetomidine at 0. 5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 from the end of anesthesia induction until the end of operation can effectively prevent the development of delirium following laparoscopic radical resection for cervical cancer, and the mechanism is related to inhibiting in-flammatory responses and reducing brain injury in elderly patients.
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Objective To investigate positive picobirnaviruses(PVBs)infection and its association with unex-plained diarrhea in children. Methods From January to December 2015,the Clinical Microbiology Testing Center of Xuzhou Central Hospital as the sampling location,7 PVB reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction(RT - PCR)- positive fecal samples with diarrhea were collected from children under 6 years old and 4 samples from healthy chil-dren were obtained and all the samples were analyzed by viral metagenomics to investigate the relationship between PVBs and diarrhea in children. Phylogenetic analysis of RdRp in the isolated PVB sequences was carried out to clarify the relationship between PVB classification and diarrhea. Results All the 7 diarrhea feces contained high titers of PVB sequences,while 3 of the controls were negative,and 1 with low titers of PVB. RdRp analysis was carried out on the iso-lated PVB sequences,which displayed that 7 RdRp sequences caming from 7 fecal samples separately,so named ChXz- 1 to ChXz - 7 respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the predicted amino acid sequences of RdRp from this study and whole RdRp sequences available in the GenBank database indicated that the 7 RdRp sequences belonged to 3 genogroups,in which ChXz - 1,ChXz - 2,ChXz - 3 belonging to genogroup Ⅰ,ChXz - 4,ChXz - 5,ChXz - 7 belong-ing to genogroup Ⅱ,and ChXz - 6 belonging to genogroup Ⅲ. Conclusions PVBs might be the cause of diarrhea in children in this study,and all the 3 different PVBs may lead to diarrhea.
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In order to improve the training quality of non anesthesiology professional physicians in anesthesiology department, the anesthesia department of Cancer Hospital affiliated to Harbin Medical Uni-versity Anesthesiology summed up the problems existing in the rotation process of anesthesiology depart-ment in the past, and explored the aesthesia teaching of the standardized doctors. We also improved the teachers' and students' awareness of the importance of anesthesiology learning, formulated standardized training programs, stimulated the interest of residents and teachers, strengthened teachers' teaching ability and teaching consciousness, Through the use of special lectures, case teaching, problem based teaching, we constructed diversified teaching to enhance the students' mastery of knowledge and skills in anesthesiology, and added purposeful examination at the end of rotation. As a result, the quality of anesthesiology rotation of non-anesthesia specialty residents was improved.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of oxycodone for painless gastroscopy in pediatric patients when combined with propofol.Methods Sixty pediatric patients of either sex,aged 2-7 yr,weighing 10-28 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective painless gastroscopy,were divided into 2 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:oxycodone group (O group) and sufentanil group (F group).The pediatric patients held by their parents entered the gastroscopy room,and propofol 1.5-2.0 mg/kg and penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.3 mg were intravenously injected.Oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg and sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg were intravenously injected in O and F groups,respectively.When body movement occurred during operation,additional propofol 1.0 mg/kg was intravenously injected.The occurrence of adverse reactions such as intraoperative body movement,laryngospasm and respiratory depression was recorded.The occurrence of postoperative vomiting and pain (FLACC pain scale scores ＞3) was also recorded.Results The incidence of intraoperative body movement,laryngospasm and respiratory depression and postoperative pain was significantly lower in O group than in F group (P＜0.05).Conclusion When combined with propofol,oxycodone produces better efficacy than sufentanil for painless gastroscopy in pediatric patients.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of insulin on apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of sevoflurane-anesthetized mice.Methods Forty-five pathogen-free healthy male BALB/c mice,aged 5-6 weeks,weighing 18-22 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=15 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),sevoflurane group (group Sev) and insulin plus sevoflurane group (group IS).Insulin 2 U/20 μ1 was instilled via the nasal cavity for 7 consecutive days in group IS,and 0.9％ normal saline 20 μl was given instead in group C.After the end of insulin treatment,2.5％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 1 h in Sev and IS groups,and Morris water maze test was performed to assess the cognitive function 1 day later.The mice were then sacrificed and hippocampal tissues were obtained for determination of neuronal apoptosis (by TUNEL) and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax (by Western blot).Apoptosis index (AI)was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged at day 4 after operation,the percentage of time spent on the target quadrant was decreased at day 5 after operation,AI was increased,the expression of Bax was up-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated in group Sev (P＜0.05).Compared with group Sev,the escape latency was significantly shortened at day 4 after operation,the percentage of time spent on the target quadrant was increased at day 5 after operation,AI was decreased,the expression of Bax was down-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated in group IS (P＜ 0.05).Cornclusion Insulin improves the cognitive function of sevoflurane-anesthetized mice through inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampal neurons.